Frown lines, (also known as "11s")

Frown lines, also known as 11s, are the vertical lines between the eye brows and nose. These are typically visible whilst frowning or squinting i.e. while reading a book or when we are angry. Frown lines are caused by the contraction of muscles. When we are young, we have dynamic frown lines (frown lines only visible whilst frowning) but as we age frown lines can become static (frown lines visible even when we aren't frowning).

Horizontal forehead Lines

Forehead wrinkles are the wrinkles that stretch horizontally across the forehead.  Factors that contribute to the formation of forehead wrinkles include ageing, genetics, hormones and environmental factors. Forehead wrinkles are usually the first wrinkles to appear. Initially they appear as dynamic wrinkles (wrinkles caused by contraction of the frontalis muscles during facial expression). If left untreated these can become static wrinkles (lines present even without expression).

Crow's feet ("laughter lines")

Crow's feet, also known as ‘’laughter lines’’ , are the lines that appear around the eyes as a result of habitual squinting and smiling. Crow’s feet are caused by habitual squinting and smiling due to frequent contraction of the orbicularis oculi, a muscle responsible for closing the eyelids.   Crow’s feet usually develop in our mid to late thirties. With ageing, crow’s feet can develop into deep static lines that are present even without smiling or squinting.

Neck Lines ("Turkey Neck")

Turkey neck is the term used to refer to the lax skin that hangs under the chin. It resembles the neck of the turkey, hence the name.   "Turkey Neck" occurs because of lack of support from the muscles of the neck to the skin. Loss of elasticity in the skin due to ageing results in skin sagging which causes the neck to resemble that of a turkey. It can also be caused by an extreme fluctuation in weight.

Jaw Reshaping

Non-Surgical Jaw Reshaping is a procedure designed to soften the facial contours of the jaw line making the lower part of the face narrower giving a face more youthful and feminine appearance.  Jaw reshaping is typically indicated in individuals with a square jaw.  For some individuals a square jaw may mean facial contours seem odd in their appearance due to the over development of the masseter muscle. This can be a concern for both men and women, particularly those of Asian ancestry.

Chin Area

Chin dimpling is caused by hyperactive mentalis muscle in our chin. This leads to appearance of dimples or creases. Some dimpling can be as a result of acne scarring. Muscle relaxing injections relax the mentalis muscle and the dimples appear less apparent. This is especially useful in individuals with deep chin dimples and creases.

Botulinum toxin A  can help reduce dynamic wrinkles (wrinkles/lines that appear when a facial expression is made), not static wrinkles (wrinkles/lines that appear when at rest). For static wrinkles the use of dermal fillers may be needed.     

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